Dry Bean Exploratory Analysis

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	17
Number of observations	13611
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	68
Duplicate rows (%)	0.5%
Total size in memory	1.7 MiB
Average record size in memory	129.0 B

Variable types

Numeric	17

Warnings

Dataset has 68 (0.5%) duplicate rows	Duplicates
`Area` is highly correlated with `Perimeter` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`Perimeter` is highly correlated with `Area` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`MajorAxisLength` is highly correlated with `Area` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`MinorAxisLength` is highly correlated with `Area` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`AspectRation` is highly correlated with `Eccentricity` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`Eccentricity` is highly correlated with `AspectRation` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`ConvexArea` is highly correlated with `Area` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`EquivDiameter` is highly correlated with `Area` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`Compactness` is highly correlated with `AspectRation` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`ShapeFactor1` is highly correlated with `MinorAxisLength`	High correlation
`ShapeFactor3` is highly correlated with `AspectRation` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`Class` has 1322 (9.7%) zeros	Zeros

Reproduction

Analysis started	2021-03-31 07:00:18.722393
Analysis finished	2021-03-31 07:01:03.481625
Duration	44.76 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v2.12.0
Download configuration	config.yaml

Area
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	12011
Distinct (%)	88.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	53048.28455

Minimum	20420
Maximum	254616
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	106.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	20420
5-th percentile	27660.5
Q1	36328
median	44652
Q3	61332
95-th percentile	89824.5
Maximum	254616
Range	234196
Interquartile range (IQR)	25004

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	29324.09572
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.552781225
Kurtosis	10.80081397
Mean	53048.28455
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	10386
Skewness	2.952930971
Sum	722040201
Variance	859902589.6
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
35354	4	< 0.1%
28122	4	< 0.1%
30529	4	< 0.1%
38945	4	< 0.1%
38426	4	< 0.1%
29709	4	< 0.1%
47134	4	< 0.1%
36109	4	< 0.1%
44710	4	< 0.1%
34774	4	< 0.1%
Other values (12001)	13571	99.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
20420	1	< 0.1%
20464	1	< 0.1%
20548	1	< 0.1%
20711	1	< 0.1%
20786	1	< 0.1%
20942	1	< 0.1%
21101	1	< 0.1%
21314	1	< 0.1%
21348	1	< 0.1%
21397	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
254616	1	< 0.1%
251432	1	< 0.1%
248424	1	< 0.1%
241322	1	< 0.1%
237270	1	< 0.1%
234898	1	< 0.1%
233751	1	< 0.1%
231066	1	< 0.1%
230867	1	< 0.1%
226806	1	< 0.1%

Perimeter
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	13416
Distinct (%)	98.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	855.2834586

Minimum	524.736
Maximum	1985.37
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	106.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	524.736
5-th percentile	617.737
Q1	703.5235
median	794.941
Q3	977.213
95-th percentile	1181.124
Maximum	1985.37
Range	1460.634
Interquartile range (IQR)	273.6895

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	214.2896959
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2505481589
Kurtosis	3.588123327
Mean	855.2834586
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	117.877
Skewness	1.626123524
Sum	11641263.15
Variance	45920.07377
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
911.589	3	< 0.1%
984.123	3	< 0.1%
683.341	3	< 0.1%
800.745	2	< 0.1%
715.089	2	< 0.1%
798.577	2	< 0.1%
968.674	2	< 0.1%
619.412	2	< 0.1%
783.891	2	< 0.1%
737.758	2	< 0.1%
Other values (13406)	13588	99.8%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
524.736	1	< 0.1%
524.932	1	< 0.1%
525.413	1	< 0.1%
528.408	1	< 0.1%
530.683	1	< 0.1%
530.825	1	< 0.1%
531.318	1	< 0.1%
533.701	1	< 0.1%
534.717	1	< 0.1%
534.918	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1985.37	1	< 0.1%
1921.685	1	< 0.1%
1919.868	1	< 0.1%
1895.94	1	< 0.1%
1884.557	1	< 0.1%
1869.885	1	< 0.1%
1849.699	1	< 0.1%
1849.371	1	< 0.1%
1847.94	1	< 0.1%
1845.855	1	< 0.1%

MajorAxisLength
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	13543
Distinct (%)	99.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	320.1418673

Minimum	183.601165
Maximum	738.8601535
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	106.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	183.601165
5-th percentile	224.6446749
Q1	253.3036327
median	296.8833669
Q3	376.4950124
95-th percentile	448.3239443
Maximum	738.8601535
Range	555.2589885
Interquartile range (IQR)	123.1913797

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	85.69418596
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.267675661
Kurtosis	2.531902062
Mean	320.1418673
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	54.97424343
Skewness	1.357815284
Sum	4357450.956
Variance	7343.493507
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
412.5516489	2	< 0.1%
370.3745628	2	< 0.1%
347.4427551	2	< 0.1%
347.6613338	2	< 0.1%
377.8808379	2	< 0.1%
367.3547664	2	< 0.1%
354.9810266	2	< 0.1%
365.7450534	2	< 0.1%
409.2070817	2	< 0.1%
351.2689862	2	< 0.1%
Other values (13533)	13591	99.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
183.601165	1	< 0.1%
183.9652515	1	< 0.1%
185.3819214	1	< 0.1%
186.0791494	1	< 0.1%
187.1686348	1	< 0.1%
188.9191604	1	< 0.1%
189.7993849	1	< 0.1%
190.2826321	1	< 0.1%
191.1765253	1	< 0.1%
191.2029134	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
738.8601535	1	< 0.1%
738.1445017	1	< 0.1%
726.3734932	1	< 0.1%
722.4940683	1	< 0.1%
721.2160984	1	< 0.1%
720.6955205	1	< 0.1%
719.1256904	1	< 0.1%
715.0530398	1	< 0.1%
713.9672821	1	< 0.1%
713.366837	1	< 0.1%

MinorAxisLength
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	13543
Distinct (%)	99.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	202.2707141

Minimum	122.5126535
Maximum	460.1984968
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	106.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	122.5126535
5-th percentile	153.8136273
Q1	175.84817
median	192.4317333
Q3	217.0317413
95-th percentile	267.8851765
Maximum	460.1984968
Range	337.6858434
Interquartile range (IQR)	41.18357126

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	44.97009129
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2223262596
Kurtosis	6.651066804
Mean	202.2707141
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	19.06314747
Skewness	2.23821054
Sum	2753106.689
Variance	2022.309111
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
172.9046329	2	< 0.1%
160.5917844	2	< 0.1%
189.4386666	2	< 0.1%
167.4884538	2	< 0.1%
194.1173368	2	< 0.1%
156.8696185	2	< 0.1%
176.2767668	2	< 0.1%
156.3563259	2	< 0.1%
196.3377049	2	< 0.1%
172.1287909	2	< 0.1%
Other values (13533)	13591	99.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
122.5126535	1	< 0.1%
129.5762069	1	< 0.1%
129.7481935	1	< 0.1%
130.7366895	1	< 0.1%
131.4330586	1	< 0.1%
132.1435531	1	< 0.1%
132.1875207	1	< 0.1%
132.298336	1	< 0.1%
132.3079693	1	< 0.1%
132.6402186	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
460.1984968	1	< 0.1%
450.9261867	1	< 0.1%
449.3396784	1	< 0.1%
447.4183287	1	< 0.1%
446.0436176	1	< 0.1%
440.686418	1	< 0.1%
435.8378565	1	< 0.1%
432.5894199	1	< 0.1%
432.3898213	1	< 0.1%
429.9621282	1	< 0.1%

AspectRation
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	13543
Distinct (%)	99.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1.583241979

Minimum	1.024867596
Maximum	2.430306447
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	106.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1.024867596
5-th percentile	1.208046988
Q1	1.432306932
median	1.551123666
Q3	1.707108927
95-th percentile	2.082011458
Maximum	2.430306447
Range	1.405438851
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.2748019952

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.2466784557
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.155805909
Kurtosis	0.1138144406
Mean	1.583241979
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.1354228505
Skewness	0.5825733992
Sum	21549.50658
Variance	0.0608502605
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.814594976	2	< 0.1%
2.229181283	2	< 0.1%
1.908776886	2	< 0.1%
2.082792467	2	< 0.1%
2.022898083	2	< 0.1%
2.170571957	2	< 0.1%
2.100591373	2	< 0.1%
2.081632137	2	< 0.1%
2.036324214	2	< 0.1%
2.051118996	2	< 0.1%
Other values (13533)	13591	99.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.024867596	1	< 0.1%
1.036422681	1	< 0.1%
1.041963699	1	< 0.1%
1.047159612	1	< 0.1%
1.049180121	1	< 0.1%
1.049424005	1	< 0.1%
1.060785687	1	< 0.1%
1.06079802	1	< 0.1%
1.064697761	1	< 0.1%
1.065247205	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2.430306447	1	< 0.1%
2.388873436	1	< 0.1%
2.387394886	1	< 0.1%
2.383260481	1	< 0.1%
2.364016609	1	< 0.1%
2.358271756	1	< 0.1%
2.350473191	1	< 0.1%
2.347666241	1	< 0.1%
2.345077704	1	< 0.1%
2.34329324	1	< 0.1%

Eccentricity
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	13543
Distinct (%)	99.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.7508949294

Minimum	0.2189512634
Maximum	0.9114229685
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	106.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.2189512634
5-th percentile	0.5610493263
Q1	0.7159277459
median	0.7644408064
Q3	0.8104659845
95-th percentile	0.8771016696
Maximum	0.9114229685
Range	0.6924717051
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.09453823854

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.0920017632
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1225228186
Kurtosis	1.387455596
Mean	0.7508949294
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.04716201811
Skewness	-1.062823931
Sum	10220.43088
Variance	0.008464324433
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.8746973521	2	< 0.1%
0.8794147423	2	< 0.1%
0.8473598364	2	< 0.1%
0.8595060056	2	< 0.1%
0.8731013476	2	< 0.1%
0.8875517345	2	< 0.1%
0.8344476839	2	< 0.1%
0.8581118244	2	< 0.1%
0.8749707282	2	< 0.1%
0.8686557015	2	< 0.1%
Other values (13533)	13591	99.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.2189512634	1	< 0.1%
0.2627743751	1	< 0.1%
0.2809365876	1	< 0.1%
0.2967208611	1	< 0.1%
0.3025762332	1	< 0.1%
0.303273094	1	< 0.1%
0.3336486942	1	< 0.1%
0.3336796578	1	< 0.1%
0.343278441	1	< 0.1%
0.3446010316	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.9114229685	1	< 0.1%
0.9081673188	1	< 0.1%
0.9080477763	1	< 0.1%
0.9077122387	1	< 0.1%
0.9061255398	1	< 0.1%
0.9056437698	1	< 0.1%
0.904983696	1	< 0.1%
0.9047443843	1	< 0.1%
0.9045228754	1	< 0.1%
0.904369714	1	< 0.1%

ConvexArea
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	12066
Distinct (%)	88.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	53768.20021

Minimum	20684
Maximum	263261
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	106.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	20684
5-th percentile	28011.5
Q1	36714.5
median	45178
Q3	62294
95-th percentile	91282
Maximum	263261
Range	242577
Interquartile range (IQR)	25579.5

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	29774.91582
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.5537644129
Kurtosis	10.74364015
Mean	53768.20021
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	10566
Skewness	2.941821111
Sum	731838973
Variance	886545611.9
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
37023	5	< 0.1%
41706	4	< 0.1%
38941	4	< 0.1%
47446	4	< 0.1%
43198	4	< 0.1%
47888	4	< 0.1%
45243	4	< 0.1%
47729	4	< 0.1%
44262	4	< 0.1%
31423	4	< 0.1%
Other values (12056)	13570	99.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
20684	1	< 0.1%
20772	1	< 0.1%
20825	1	< 0.1%
20988	1	< 0.1%
21057	1	< 0.1%
21191	1	< 0.1%
21462	1	< 0.1%
21587	1	< 0.1%
21590	1	< 0.1%
21731	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
263261	1	< 0.1%
257425	1	< 0.1%
251082	1	< 0.1%
244319	1	< 0.1%
240671	1	< 0.1%
238265	1	< 0.1%
237344	1	< 0.1%
233243	1	< 0.1%
232903	1	< 0.1%
231500	1	< 0.1%

EquivDiameter
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	12011
Distinct (%)	88.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	253.0642199

Minimum	161.2437642
Maximum	569.3743583
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	106.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	161.2437642
5-th percentile	187.6657731
Q1	215.0680034
median	238.4380258
Q3	279.4464667
95-th percentile	338.1835379
Maximum	569.3743583
Range	408.1305941
Interquartile range (IQR)	64.37846327

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	59.17712015
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2338423036
Kurtosis	5.192057256
Mean	253.0642199
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	28.34121827
Skewness	1.94895761
Sum	3444457.097
Variance	3501.931549
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
221.1911001	4	< 0.1%
227.0931406	4	< 0.1%
222.6798466	4	< 0.1%
212.1652914	4	< 0.1%
212.4291787	4	< 0.1%
257.9673197	4	< 0.1%
210.4177557	4	< 0.1%
238.5928332	4	< 0.1%
189.2248464	4	< 0.1%
206.5827753	4	< 0.1%
Other values (12001)	13571	99.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
161.2437642	1	< 0.1%
161.4173908	1	< 0.1%
161.7483421	1	< 0.1%
162.3886209	1	< 0.1%
162.6823813	1	< 0.1%
163.29171	1	< 0.1%
163.9104256	1	< 0.1%
164.7356296	1	< 0.1%
164.86697	1	< 0.1%
165.0560709	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
569.3743583	1	< 0.1%
565.8031152	1	< 0.1%
562.4084465	1	< 0.1%
554.3110259	1	< 0.1%
549.6376504	1	< 0.1%
546.883372	1	< 0.1%
545.5465304	1	< 0.1%
542.4042484	1	< 0.1%
542.1706318	1	< 0.1%
537.381027	1	< 0.1%

Extent
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	13535
Distinct (%)	99.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.7497327874

Minimum	0.5553147168
Maximum	0.8661946406
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	106.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.5553147168
5-th percentile	0.6551083029
Q1	0.7186335273
median	0.759858948
Q3	0.7868514966
95-th percentile	0.8122529084
Maximum	0.8661946406
Range	0.3108799238
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.06821796925

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.04908636685
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.06547181566
Kurtosis	0.643318844
Mean	0.7497327874
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.03207474095
Skewness	-0.8953484282
Sum	10204.61297
Variance	0.00240947141
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.6922222222	2	< 0.1%
0.7779088863	2	< 0.1%
0.7131474104	2	< 0.1%
0.8157364436	2	< 0.1%
0.7875699672	2	< 0.1%
0.6612396559	2	< 0.1%
0.7324683006	2	< 0.1%
0.650025071	2	< 0.1%
0.808383378	2	< 0.1%
0.7547049442	2	< 0.1%
Other values (13525)	13591	99.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.5553147168	1	< 0.1%
0.5666692538	1	< 0.1%
0.5667675268	1	< 0.1%
0.5702376198	1	< 0.1%
0.5702749606	1	< 0.1%
0.5722088542	1	< 0.1%
0.5723791346	1	< 0.1%
0.5733673469	1	< 0.1%
0.5740403641	1	< 0.1%
0.5744176865	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.8661946406	1	< 0.1%
0.8584198505	1	< 0.1%
0.8528414261	1	< 0.1%
0.8522686025	1	< 0.1%
0.8519480519	1	< 0.1%
0.8507442282	1	< 0.1%
0.8502513112	1	< 0.1%
0.8486226422	1	< 0.1%
0.8479749903	1	< 0.1%
0.8463624653	1	< 0.1%

Solidity
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	13526
Distinct (%)	99.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.9871428436

Minimum	0.9192461571
Maximum	0.9946774999
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	106.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.9192461571
5-th percentile	0.9784049827
Q1	0.9856703983
median	0.9882829985
Q3	0.99001311
95-th percentile	0.9920273149
Maximum	0.9946774999
Range	0.07543134286
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.004342711665

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.004660379163
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.004721078812
Kurtosis	12.79962097
Mean	0.9871428436
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.00202907936
Skewness	-2.550093108
Sum	13436.00124
Variance	2.171913395 × 10⁵
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.9866912765	2	< 0.1%
0.9853060124	2	< 0.1%
0.9854572855	2	< 0.1%
0.9860265675	2	< 0.1%
0.9888439377	2	< 0.1%
0.9888040631	2	< 0.1%
0.9863254828	2	< 0.1%
0.9894366197	2	< 0.1%
0.985800833	2	< 0.1%
0.9906106564	2	< 0.1%
Other values (13516)	13591	99.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.9192461571	1	< 0.1%
0.9435593006	1	< 0.1%
0.944568068	1	< 0.1%
0.9466336809	1	< 0.1%
0.9467190956	1	< 0.1%
0.9476667637	1	< 0.1%
0.9490232054	1	< 0.1%
0.9491025288	1	< 0.1%
0.9519475167	1	< 0.1%
0.953296108	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.9946774999	1	< 0.1%
0.9943781823	1	< 0.1%
0.9942596326	1	< 0.1%
0.9942134845	1	< 0.1%
0.9940821795	1	< 0.1%
0.9940817733	1	< 0.1%
0.9940491752	1	< 0.1%
0.9939454406	1	< 0.1%
0.9939193331	1	< 0.1%
0.9939055114	1	< 0.1%

roundness
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	13543
Distinct (%)	99.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.8732818313

Minimum	0.4896182562
Maximum	0.9906853996
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	106.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.4896182562
5-th percentile	0.7709554641
Q1	0.832096329
median	0.8831572892
Q3	0.916868833
95-th percentile	0.9592536083
Maximum	0.9906853996
Range	0.5010671434
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.084772504

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.05951988795
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.06815656277
Kurtosis	0.3743063332
Mean	0.8732818313
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.03983167836
Skewness	-0.6357489499
Sum	11886.23901
Variance	0.003542617061
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.7888089317	2	< 0.1%
0.7767115514	2	< 0.1%
0.7873853207	2	< 0.1%
0.8198136956	2	< 0.1%
0.7653576342	2	< 0.1%
0.8114142175	2	< 0.1%
0.8125620135	2	< 0.1%
0.8205556245	2	< 0.1%
0.78228301	2	< 0.1%
0.7465305043	2	< 0.1%
Other values (13533)	13591	99.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.4896182562	1	< 0.1%
0.5567658261	1	< 0.1%
0.5718009103	1	< 0.1%
0.5760286619	1	< 0.1%
0.5778435944	1	< 0.1%
0.5937082798	1	< 0.1%
0.5950484007	1	< 0.1%
0.601978543	1	< 0.1%
0.6053993961	1	< 0.1%
0.60656967	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.9906853996	1	< 0.1%
0.9879197348	1	< 0.1%
0.9870892437	1	< 0.1%
0.9868122846	1	< 0.1%
0.9866847312	1	< 0.1%
0.986114961	1	< 0.1%
0.9861029627	1	< 0.1%
0.9859494975	1	< 0.1%
0.9849658811	1	< 0.1%
0.9848770694	1	< 0.1%

Compactness
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	13543
Distinct (%)	99.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.7998636819

Minimum	0.640576759
Maximum	0.9873029694
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	106.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.640576759
5-th percentile	0.6905667073
Q1	0.762468747
median	0.801276684
Q3	0.8342699108
95-th percentile	0.9089897503
Maximum	0.9873029694
Range	0.3467262104
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.07180116379

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.06171346312
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.07715497593
Kurtosis	-0.2234594687
Mean	0.7998636819
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.03572565764
Skewness	0.03711545824
Sum	10886.94457
Variance	0.00380855153
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.6783768744	2	< 0.1%
0.7514456899	2	< 0.1%
0.6899429777	2	< 0.1%
0.6877689206	2	< 0.1%
0.713682402	2	< 0.1%
0.71599023	2	< 0.1%
0.7010938198	2	< 0.1%
0.7092343927	2	< 0.1%
0.7004386472	2	< 0.1%
0.7090735955	2	< 0.1%
Other values (13533)	13591	99.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.640576759	1	< 0.1%
0.6453676585	1	< 0.1%
0.6457963626	1	< 0.1%
0.646562019	1	< 0.1%
0.6487619599	1	< 0.1%
0.6490387039	1	< 0.1%
0.6491894792	1	< 0.1%
0.6516308029	1	< 0.1%
0.65187098	1	< 0.1%
0.6521480181	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.9873029694	1	< 0.1%
0.9816111426	1	< 0.1%
0.979431992	1	< 0.1%
0.9767388405	1	< 0.1%
0.9758947596	1	< 0.1%
0.9755945071	1	< 0.1%
0.9705155232	1	< 0.1%
0.9704714336	1	< 0.1%
0.968733066	1	< 0.1%
0.9684439939	1	< 0.1%

ShapeFactor1
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	13543
Distinct (%)	99.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.00656360851

Minimum	0.002778012668
Maximum	0.01045116932
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	106.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.002778012668
5-th percentile	0.004781539009
Q1	0.005899917412
median	0.006645174459
Q3	0.007271420159
95-th percentile	0.008305289248
Maximum	0.01045116932
Range	0.007673156656
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.001371502748

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.001127998228
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1718564149
Kurtosis	0.7143548169
Mean	0.00656360851
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.0006770317251
Skewness	-0.534140543
Sum	89.33727543
Variance	1.272380001 × 10⁶
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.00760195791	2	< 0.1%
0.007757339355	2	< 0.1%
0.006447381906	2	< 0.1%
0.006658262858	2	< 0.1%
0.006506302815	2	< 0.1%
0.006805975398	2	< 0.1%
0.007078944896	2	< 0.1%
0.006699869302	2	< 0.1%
0.007356237486	2	< 0.1%
0.007279609725	2	< 0.1%
Other values (13533)	13591	99.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.002778012668	1	< 0.1%
0.00285571638	1	< 0.1%
0.002860119994	1	< 0.1%
0.002878357324	1	< 0.1%
0.002901860659	1	< 0.1%
0.002909100876	1	< 0.1%
0.002942454666	1	< 0.1%
0.002959316936	1	< 0.1%
0.002974423357	1	< 0.1%
0.002984943435	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.01045116932	1	< 0.1%
0.009897003431	1	< 0.1%
0.009823979959	1	< 0.1%
0.00974787363	1	< 0.1%
0.00972005588	1	< 0.1%
0.0096691495	1	< 0.1%
0.009666469781	1	< 0.1%
0.009661586888	1	< 0.1%
0.009652959466	1	< 0.1%
0.009612311229	1	< 0.1%

ShapeFactor2
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	13543
Distinct (%)	99.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.001715947334

Minimum	0.000564169018
Maximum	0.003664971964
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	106.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.000564169018
5-th percentile	0.0009112717192
Q1	0.001153520228
median	0.001693530977
Q3	0.002170268301
95-th percentile	0.002724234221
Maximum	0.003664971964
Range	0.003100802946
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.001016748073

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.0005958748567
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.3472570776
Kurtosis	-0.8592542148
Mean	0.001715947334
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.0005128990973
Skewness	0.3012259297
Sum	23.35575917
Variance	3.550668449 × 10⁷
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.001075444969	2	< 0.1%
0.001119399042	2	< 0.1%
0.0008995885721	2	< 0.1%
0.0009159698756	2	< 0.1%
0.001003748686	2	< 0.1%
0.001043912883	2	< 0.1%
0.0009189902126	2	< 0.1%
0.001099632878	2	< 0.1%
0.001086001535	2	< 0.1%
0.0008977760847	2	< 0.1%
Other values (13533)	13591	99.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.000564169018	1	< 0.1%
0.0005669885119	1	< 0.1%
0.0005678429282	1	< 0.1%
0.0005724514852	1	< 0.1%
0.0005899546966	1	< 0.1%
0.0005905946496	1	< 0.1%
0.0005922564672	1	< 0.1%
0.0006016937076	1	< 0.1%
0.0006055794746	1	< 0.1%
0.0006067651703	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.003664971964	1	< 0.1%
0.003573240585	1	< 0.1%
0.003563623712	1	< 0.1%
0.003545181597	1	< 0.1%
0.003506416632	1	< 0.1%
0.003470231343	1	< 0.1%
0.003434871581	1	< 0.1%
0.003418781286	1	< 0.1%
0.00341236264	1	< 0.1%
0.003392637232	1	< 0.1%

ShapeFactor3
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	13543
Distinct (%)	99.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.6435901813

Minimum	0.4103385841
Maximum	0.9747671533
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	106.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.4103385841
5-th percentile	0.4768823776
Q1	0.5813585905
median	0.6420443243
Q3	0.696006284
95-th percentile	0.8262623662
Maximum	0.9747671533
Range	0.5644285692
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.1146476935

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.09899615048
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1538186153
Kurtosis	-0.1444750361
Mean	0.6435901813
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.05716184808
Skewness	0.2424809267
Sum	8759.905958
Variance	0.00980023781
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.4960132064	2	< 0.1%
0.4850846298	2	< 0.1%
0.5207024449	2	< 0.1%
0.4896163452	2	< 0.1%
0.4595719759	2	< 0.1%
0.4860327319	2	< 0.1%
0.4662684882	2	< 0.1%
0.4512854331	2	< 0.1%
0.4464268694	2	< 0.1%
0.5619359911	2	< 0.1%
Other values (13533)	13591	99.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.4103385841	1	< 0.1%
0.4164994146	1	< 0.1%
0.4170529419	1	< 0.1%
0.4180424444	1	< 0.1%
0.4208920807	1	< 0.1%
0.4212512392	1	< 0.1%
0.4214469798	1	< 0.1%
0.4246227034	1	< 0.1%
0.4249357745	1	< 0.1%
0.4252970375	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.9747671533	1	< 0.1%
0.9635604354	1	< 0.1%
0.959287027	1	< 0.1%
0.9540187625	1	< 0.1%
0.9523705818	1	< 0.1%
0.9517846423	1	< 0.1%
0.9419003809	1	< 0.1%
0.9418148035	1	< 0.1%
0.9384437531	1	< 0.1%
0.9378837693	1	< 0.1%

ShapeFactor4
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	13543
Distinct (%)	99.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.9950633118

Minimum	0.9476874027
Maximum	0.99973253
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	106.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.9476874027
5-th percentile	0.9869830971
Q1	0.9937028955
median	0.9963859377
Q3	0.997882543
95-th percentile	0.9989919809
Maximum	0.99973253
Range	0.05204512734
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.004179647584

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.004366457749
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.004388120531
Kurtosis	13.03806713
Mean	0.9950633118
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.001817961642
Skewness	-2.759482912
Sum	13543.80674
Variance	1.906595327 × 10⁵
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.9965866368	2	< 0.1%
0.9824623729	2	< 0.1%
0.9941720243	2	< 0.1%
0.9840388181	2	< 0.1%
0.9692792072	2	< 0.1%
0.9971987618	2	< 0.1%
0.9933751991	2	< 0.1%
0.9915394926	2	< 0.1%
0.9943202415	2	< 0.1%
0.9966315561	2	< 0.1%
Other values (13533)	13591	99.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.9476874027	1	< 0.1%
0.949990311	1	< 0.1%
0.9512388357	1	< 0.1%
0.9550324897	1	< 0.1%
0.9568668574	1	< 0.1%
0.957232663	1	< 0.1%
0.9573251075	1	< 0.1%
0.9573275532	1	< 0.1%
0.9577477087	1	< 0.1%
0.9582848251	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.99973253	1	< 0.1%
0.9997091012	1	< 0.1%
0.9997073361	1	< 0.1%
0.9996805207	1	< 0.1%
0.9996742922	1	< 0.1%
0.999670452	1	< 0.1%
0.9996595262	1	< 0.1%
0.9996522758	1	< 0.1%
0.9996370108	1	< 0.1%
0.999625379	1	< 0.1%

Class
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

ZEROS

Distinct	7
Distinct (%)	0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	3.532657409

Minimum	0
Maximum	6
Zeros	1322
Zeros (%)	9.7%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	13.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	2
median	3
Q3	5
95-th percentile	6
Maximum	6
Range	6
Interquartile range (IQR)	3

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.828708802
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.5176581226
Kurtosis	-0.7407131099
Mean	3.532657409
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1
Skewness	-0.3240983397
Sum	48083
Variance	3.344175884
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=7)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3	3546	26.1%
6	2636	19.4%
5	2027	14.9%
4	1928	14.2%
2	1630	12.0%
0	1322	9.7%
1	522	3.8%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1322	9.7%
1	522	3.8%
2	1630	12.0%
3	3546	26.1%
4	1928	14.2%
5	2027	14.9%
6	2636	19.4%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
6	2636	19.4%
5	2027	14.9%
4	1928	14.2%
3	3546	26.1%
2	1630	12.0%
1	522	3.8%
0	1322	9.7%

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Count
Matrix

A simple visualization of nullity by column.

Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.

First rows

	Area	Perimeter	MajorAxisLength	MinorAxisLength	AspectRation	Eccentricity	ConvexArea	EquivDiameter	Extent	Solidity	roundness	Compactness	ShapeFactor1	ShapeFactor2	ShapeFactor3	ShapeFactor4	Class
0	28395	610.291	208.178117	173.888747	1.197191	0.549812	28715	190.141097	0.763923	0.988856	0.958027	0.913358	0.007332	0.003147	0.834222	0.998724	5
1	28734	638.018	200.524796	182.734419	1.097356	0.411785	29172	191.272750	0.783968	0.984986	0.887034	0.953861	0.006979	0.003564	0.909851	0.998430	5
2	29380	624.110	212.826130	175.931143	1.209713	0.562727	29690	193.410904	0.778113	0.989559	0.947849	0.908774	0.007244	0.003048	0.825871	0.999066	5
3	30008	645.884	210.557999	182.516516	1.153638	0.498616	30724	195.467062	0.782681	0.976696	0.903936	0.928329	0.007017	0.003215	0.861794	0.994199	5
4	30140	620.134	201.847882	190.279279	1.060798	0.333680	30417	195.896503	0.773098	0.990893	0.984877	0.970516	0.006697	0.003665	0.941900	0.999166	5
5	30279	634.927	212.560556	181.510182	1.171067	0.520401	30600	196.347702	0.775688	0.989510	0.943852	0.923726	0.007020	0.003153	0.853270	0.999236	5
6	30477	670.033	211.050155	184.039050	1.146768	0.489478	30970	196.988633	0.762402	0.984081	0.853080	0.933374	0.006925	0.003242	0.871186	0.999049	5
7	30519	629.727	212.996755	182.737204	1.165591	0.513760	30847	197.124320	0.770682	0.989367	0.967109	0.925480	0.006979	0.003158	0.856514	0.998345	5
8	30685	635.681	213.534145	183.157146	1.165852	0.514081	31044	197.659696	0.771561	0.988436	0.954240	0.925658	0.006959	0.003152	0.856844	0.998953	5
9	30834	631.934	217.227813	180.897469	1.200834	0.553642	31120	198.139012	0.783683	0.990810	0.970278	0.912125	0.007045	0.003008	0.831973	0.999061	5

Last rows

	Area	Perimeter	MajorAxisLength	MinorAxisLength	AspectRation	Eccentricity	ConvexArea	EquivDiameter	Extent	Solidity	roundness	Compactness	ShapeFactor1	ShapeFactor2	ShapeFactor3	ShapeFactor4	Class
13601	42042	771.515	288.082674	186.347090	1.545947	0.762615	42476	231.364511	0.816254	0.989782	0.887574	0.803118	0.006852	0.001758	0.644999	0.997134	3
13602	42047	768.936	292.975007	183.139141	1.599740	0.780543	42446	231.378269	0.773890	0.990600	0.893644	0.789754	0.006968	0.001672	0.623712	0.997777	3
13603	42049	770.185	290.163403	185.051685	1.568013	0.770243	42503	231.383771	0.756005	0.989318	0.890790	0.797426	0.006901	0.001721	0.635888	0.997080	3
13604	42070	763.489	289.022373	186.123434	1.552853	0.765046	42556	231.441543	0.768823	0.988580	0.906936	0.800774	0.006870	0.001743	0.641239	0.995750	3
13605	42070	760.701	276.691651	193.945366	1.426647	0.713216	42458	231.441543	0.730813	0.990862	0.913596	0.836460	0.006577	0.001986	0.699666	0.998176	3
13606	42097	759.696	288.721612	185.944705	1.552728	0.765002	42508	231.515799	0.714574	0.990331	0.916603	0.801865	0.006858	0.001749	0.642988	0.998385	3
13607	42101	757.499	281.576392	190.713136	1.476439	0.735702	42494	231.526798	0.799943	0.990752	0.922015	0.822252	0.006688	0.001886	0.676099	0.998219	3
13608	42139	759.321	281.539928	191.187979	1.472582	0.734065	42569	231.631261	0.729932	0.989899	0.918424	0.822730	0.006681	0.001888	0.676884	0.996767	3
13609	42147	763.779	283.382636	190.275731	1.489326	0.741055	42667	231.653248	0.705389	0.987813	0.907906	0.817457	0.006724	0.001852	0.668237	0.995222	3
13610	42159	772.237	295.142741	182.204716	1.619841	0.786693	42600	231.686223	0.788962	0.989648	0.888380	0.784997	0.007001	0.001640	0.616221	0.998180	3

Most frequent

	Area	Perimeter	MajorAxisLength	MinorAxisLength	AspectRation	Eccentricity	ConvexArea	EquivDiameter	Extent	Solidity	roundness	Compactness	ShapeFactor1	ShapeFactor2	ShapeFactor3	ShapeFactor4	Class	count
0	33518	702.956	277.571399	154.305581	1.798842	0.831240	34023	206.582775	0.808383	0.985157	0.852377	0.744251	0.008281	0.001567	0.553909	0.996396	4	2
1	33954	716.750	277.368480	156.356326	1.773951	0.825970	34420	207.922042	0.799482	0.986461	0.830549	0.749624	0.008169	0.001591	0.561936	0.996847	4	2
2	38427	756.323	306.533886	160.591784	1.908777	0.851782	38773	221.193978	0.796976	0.991076	0.844174	0.721597	0.007977	0.001334	0.520702	0.993905	4	2
3	38891	791.343	319.499996	156.869619	2.036723	0.871168	39651	222.525412	0.650025	0.980833	0.780422	0.696480	0.008215	0.001192	0.485085	0.987983	4	2
4	40804	790.802	323.475648	163.287717	1.981016	0.863241	41636	227.932592	0.787570	0.980017	0.819931	0.704636	0.007928	0.001206	0.496512	0.983598	4	2
5	41978	821.864	337.171464	160.036067	2.106847	0.880178	42593	231.188342	0.684885	0.985561	0.780965	0.685670	0.008032	0.001095	0.470143	0.990520	4	2
6	42156	815.245	335.198243	160.936938	2.082792	0.877200	42586	231.677980	0.834046	0.989903	0.797064	0.691167	0.007951	0.001119	0.477712	0.994975	4	2
7	42450	828.116	347.951525	156.469366	2.223768	0.893186	42820	232.484448	0.609388	0.991359	0.777867	0.668152	0.008197	0.001008	0.446427	0.992750	4	2
8	43099	815.390	328.234078	168.610116	1.946705	0.857977	43710	234.254885	0.697666	0.986022	0.814604	0.713682	0.007616	0.001219	0.509343	0.991539	4	2
9	43746	836.693	339.352567	165.411442	2.051566	0.873161	44442	236.006646	0.713778	0.984339	0.785264	0.695462	0.007757	0.001119	0.483667	0.992274	4	2

Overview

Variables

Interactions

Correlations

Pearson's r

Spearman's ρ

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows

Duplicate rows

Most frequent